The use of isozyme patterns to distinguish sweetpotato. It is also a serious economic pest of agronomic, horticultural, and ornamental crops throughout warm regions of the world byrne et al. Honeydew deposition on leaves produces a shiny, sticky sheen and provides an. A species profile for silverleaf whitefly slwf, sweet potato whitefly biotype b from usda, national invasive species information center. The sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, has been recorded in the united states since the late 1800s and in florida since 1900. Sweet potato production and pest management in georgia uga. One biotype was identical to a culture originally obtained in 1981 and since maintained in the laboratory. Plant pest factsheet tobacco, sweet potato or silver leaf whitefly 2017 pdf 295 kb department for environment food and rural affairs united kingdom. The sweet potato whitefly has shown potential to impact growth and development in some years and may be becoming a more consistent pest of sweet potato. Fresh market sweet potatoes from the three states are not allowed to be sold in louisiana. Unusual outbreaks of sweetpotato whiteflies in the panhandle. However, in 1986, a new biotype or species of the insect became established in florida. The other and most prevalent biotype could not be distinguished morphologically but could be distinguished by esterase isozyme banding patterns. Efficacy of multiple biocontrol agents against the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius homoptera.
Order homoptera, family aleyodidae, several species. Morphology of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci homoptera. Fourth stage nymphs puparium of sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. Sweet potato whitefly synonyms, sweet potato whitefly.
Whitefly is a generalist herbivore insect that feeds on 600 host plants. Sweetpotato whitefly b biotype, bemisia tabaci edis university of. Unusual outbreaks of sweetpotato whiteflies in the. Pdf development and oviposition of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, were studied on tomato leaflets under laboratory. Silverleaf whitefly sweet potato whitefly strain b adults hold their wings in a roof like position over their yellow body.
Aleyrodidae, strain b also known as the silverleaf whitefly bellows and perring 1994 is a polyphagous homopteran that attacks more than 600 different species of plants in both field and greenhouse settings including food, fiber, and. Infestations of sweetpotato whitefly nymphs are associated with the occurrence of irregular ripening of tomatoes and silverleaf of squash. Martins effect of age of planting material onyields of sweet potato from cuttings, tropical root and tuber crops newsletter 15. Sweet potato whitefly, also known as the silverleaf whitefly, is resistant to many pesticides and it is an economically important and destructive pest in florida, the gulf coast states, arizona, and california. It damages host plants through both phloem feeding and vectoring plant pathogens. Colorado potato beetle, potato tuber cystnematode late blight, bacterial wilt, potato blackleg sweet potato stem cuttings 60120 days 23 stem nodes deep 56 78 n p k sweet potato weevil, whitefly, various nematodes sweet potato virus disease table 2. This is apparently related to events that took place in florida during the previous 4 years. Sweet potato whitefly an overview sciencedirect topics. The first nymphal instar is capable of limited movement and is called the crawler. Insecticide resistance in the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. They are very small insects that suck in order to consume food.
Since the qbiotype of sweet potato whiteflies was first found in arizona in 2004, it has been found in numerous regionswhich means. The silverleaf whitefly in immature left and adult right stages. Insecticidal activity of some reducing sugars against the. Many species of insects, mites, and spiders feed on immature and adult whiteflies. Aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants are as toxic as. Determining the frequency of heteropteran predation on sweetpotato whitefly and pink bollworm using multiple elisas. Silverleaf whitefly national invasive species information.
Acala varieties, which require less time to mature than pima varieties, may have fewer whitefly infestations. In other parts of the world it may be referred to as the cotton or tobacco whitefly. Pdf influence of some new insecticides on sweetpotato. Sweet potato whitefly, tobacco whitefly, silverleaf whitefly. Sweet potatoes fed upon by weevil larvae become extremely bitter in taste so even minor feeding renders the potato unmarketable.
Some varieties of sweet potato regal, for instance have some resistance to the weevil as well as other beetle pests but the most popular orangefleshed variety, beauregard, is. Gerberas roses poinsettias tomatoes cucumbers aubergines which pests does eretline control. Sweet potato is next to cassava manihot esculenta crantz in acreage, widespread cultivation, diversified uses etc. The best strategy to counter these threats starts with host plant resistance. Sweetpotato whitefly silverleaf whitefly potato agriculture. Sweet potato whitefly strain b vectors geminiviruses that cause yellowing and leaf curling in several vegetable crops, and feeding by nymphs can induce physiological disorders such as irregular ripening in tomatoes and silverleaf in curcubits. Sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum pest control.
Bemisia tabaci gennadius or bemisia argentifolii bellows. The situation with the sweetpotato whitefly in the southwestern u. Evaluation of dicyphus hesperus for biological control of sweet potato white. There are other sweet potato pests, toobanded cucumber beetle yes, cucumber, wireworms, silverleaf. An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, biotype b occurred in the imperial valley, california in 1991.
Aleyrodidae on tomato article pdf available in florida entomologist 781. Photograph by heather mcauslane, university of florida. The most common species of whitefly infesting potato is the sweetpotato whitefly. There are other sweet potato pests, toobanded cucumber beetle yes, cucumber, wireworms, silverleaf whiteflybut they do not look like ants. It is a perennial vine adaptable to different agroecological zones.
The use of sound cultural practices that may avoid, delay, or lessen the severity of the sweetpotato whitefly infestation is a good foundation to begin with. Icmv was successfully transmitted from cassava to cassava by whiteflies reared on cassava, but not whiteflies reared on sweet potato antony et al. Whitefly population and imidacloprid marathon concentration in an experiment to determine the persistence of imidacloprid in poinsettia leaves over time and compare it to the population of sweet potato whitefly. Insecticide resistance in the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci homoptera. The sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci is a highly destructive agricultural and ornamental crop pest.
Sweetpotato whiteflies hold their wings somewhat vertically tilted, or rooflike, over the body and the wings do not meet over the back but have a small space separa. Whitefly whiteflies are widely distributed pests of many agricultural crops and ornamental plants. In several areas of spain, the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood, and the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, coexist in tomato, lycopersicon esculentum miller. Buprofezin 2tertbutylimino3isopropyl5phenyl, 3,4,5,6 tetrahydro2thiadiazine4one sprayed on cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions suppressed embryo genesis and progeny formation of the sweet potato whitefly spwf, bemisia tabaci gennadius. Adult sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, and skins of the fourth stage puparium also present. The silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci, also informally referred to as the sweet potato whitefly is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests.
The level of insecticide resistance to pyriproxyfen distance and imidacloprid marathon of the qbiotype was higher than any u. Adult whiteflies bemisia tabaci were collected from sweet potato and cassava. Feeding is concentrated on the leaf undersides, where whiteflies remove so much plant sap that the plants are seriously weakened. Pdf determining the frequency of heteropteran predation. Aleurodidae, is a key pest of vegetables in jordan almusa et al. Sep 16, 2016 outbreaks of sweetpotato whiteflies also called silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci figure 1 above have been recorded recently in the florida panhandle and south georgia on tomatoes and other vegetables. As well as breeding for resistance, cip researchers develop and promote integrated pest management. Characteristics, phenotype, and transmission of wolbachia in.
Synonyms for sweet potato whitefly in free thesaurus. Both these whitefly species show up in greenhouses, often at the same time. Sweet potato, ipomoea batatas, is an herbaceous perennial in the family convolvulaceae grown for its edible storage roots. The silverleaf whitefly slwf, bemisia tabaci, is an economic pest of numerous crops in georgia, including cotton and a wide variety of vegetables. For integrated pest management decisionmaking, it is important to know the abundance of each species, because they exhibit different abilities to transmit viruses, are susceptible. Each biotype has a slightly different genetic makeup and different geographical distribution. It is a worldwide pest of more than 500 plant species in 74 families. A variety of insects will feed on the foliage of sweet potatoes, but these are generally of minor concern as sweet potatoes can tolerate a great deal of defoliation without yield impact. Sweet potato diseases and pests, description, uses. Genome sequencing of the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia. Efficacy of multiple biocontrol agents against the sweet potato. Development and oviposition of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, were studied on tomato leaflets under laboratory conditions 25c and 65% r.
Indirect damage results by the accumulation of honeydew produced by the whiteflies. Do i have greenhouse whiteflies or sweet potato whiteflies. Sweetpotato whitefly definition of sweetpotato whitefly. Do i have greenhouse whiteflies or sweetpotato whiteflies.
Silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly aka tobacco whitefly aphids bean aphid, cabbage aphid, cowpea aphid, green peach aphid, greenbug, hop aphid, meloncotton aphid, pea aphid, potato aphid, rose aphid, russian wheat aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid thrips greenhouse thrips, cuban laurel thrips, pear thrips, potato onion. Withinplant distribution and sampling of single and mixed. Research on the bemisia pest problems over the past 25 years has shown that the species called bemisia tabaci is actually a number of biotypes or races. Bemisia populations can also be reduced by predation. Sweetpotato pests and diseases international potato center. Crosscommodity management of silverleaf whitefly in georgia. In general, all pima varieties are more attractive to sweetpotato whitefly than upland cotton varieties. Pdf nonspecific e16r2e banding patterns of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel. Bemisia tabaci plant pest factsheet plant health portal. Evaluation of dicyphus hesperus for biological control of. Begomoviruses are transmitted exclusively by bemisia tabaci whereas the whiteflytransmitted closteroviruses and the criniviruses are transmitted by the glasshouse whitefly, trialeuroides vaporariorum bpyv, ticv and ccsv, t. Potato, irishwhitefly pacific northwest pest management. Whiteflies bemisia tabaci gennadius dispersal pattern under uvabsorbing films was examined using a.
The presence of defoliators at harvest time may present a threat as they may feed on roots when the foliage is. Age of cultivars varieties cutting means months gem miguela chipper bonara for ages tuber weight per plant kg 2 1. The two most important are the silverleaf, meam1 or b biotype, and the q or mediterranean medbiotype. Adult form of the new strain b of sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci. They are of the family aleyrodidae of the order homoptera. Cmgs from south asia are transmitted in a similar way to their african relatives. Although sweetpotato can be produced under difficult growing conditions, weevils and other nematode and insect pests continue to plague production despite the use and misuse of insecticides.
The plant has enlarged roots called tubers which act as an energy store for the plant. The banded winged whitefly pupa, however, is distinguished by having a darkened band down the length of the back of the pupal case. Careful selection of insecticides can help regulate sweetpotato whitefly populations to reduce losses not due to pathogenic organisms. A quarantine has been implemented by ldaf that includes the states of florida, north carolina, and south carolina. There are a number of closely related strains or biotypes that appear the same as the local strains, but can only be identified by molecular techniques. Proper identification of sweetpotato whitefly is important because other whitefly species do not usually cause economic damage in cotton. It attacks whitefly by host feeding on younger larval stages and parasitizing the second.
The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. Toxicity of three modern insecticides etofenprox, imidacloprid and spirotetramat was tested against the adults of sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci and american serpentine leafminer, liriomyza trifolii under greenhouse conditions. The difference is important, because whitefly parasites encarsia formosa, our leastexpensive whitefly control, work better when used against greenhouse whiteflies than when used against sweet potato. Papaya, however, is a known reproductive host of the sweetpotato whitefly costa et al.
Before 1986, it was only an occasional pest of cultivated crops. Trusted biocontrol for greenhouse and sweet potato whitefly. It is aggressively adaptable and has a very wide host range more than 500 plants. In florida the b biotype is referred to as the sweetpotato or silverleaf whitefly.
Biology and life history greenhouse whitefly is a common pest of many crops and ornamental plants all over the world. When viewed from the side, pupae taper to a point at one end, with one point being sharper than the other. Sweet potato mild mottle virus is transmitted by bemisia tabaci, which is the sweet potato whitefly. Sweetpotato whitefly pupae are oval, whitish, and soft. Use a hand lens to examine both immatures and adults. Learn how to grow sweet potatoes in your backyards, pots, commercially and earn a big profit from it. Biological and selective control of the sweetpotato whitefly. Abstract the stylet bundle of the sweet potato whitefly. The species, bemisia tabaci, is a particularly serious pest of sweetpotato.
Bemesia tabaci, consists of paired mandibles and maxil lae. Because bbiotype whiteflies are the qbiotype whitefly a new type of whitefly hits the u. Water and energy content and nutrient density found in orange flesh sweet potato ofsp. The difference is important, because whitefly parasites encarsia formosa, our leastexpensive whitefly control, work better when used against greenhouse whiteflies than when used against sweet potato whiteflies. They rarely, if ever, require control in pnw potatoes. Pdf genome sequencing of the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia. Bandedwinged whitefly, citrus blackfly, citrus whitefly, giant whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, silverleaf whitefly, sweet potato whitefly aka tobacco whitefly aphids, such as. Whiteflies occur in most potato fields, and can rarely become very dense by seasons end.
Sweet potato production and pest management in georgia. Photograph by james castner, university of florida. The qbiotype whitefly a new type of whitefly hits the u. Aleyrodidae from california desert regions represent a mixture of biotypes. Adults, nymphs and moulted skins of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. Recent collections ofbemisia tabaci gennadius homoptera. The ant might be the sweet potato weevil it looks like an ant and digs into the tubers filling crevices with fecal matterbig yuck. Sweet potato whitefly bio bee biological systemsbio bee. Bean aphid, cabbage aphid, cowpea aphid, green peach aphid, greenbug, hop aphid, meloncotton aphid, pea. The sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, was accidentally imported into canada on poinsettia, euphorbia pulcherrima willd. Tobacco, sweet potato or silver leaf whitefly bemisia tabaci background bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. In this article also learn about planting sweet potatoes, methods, spacing, propagation along with how to harvest sweet potatoes. Common whitefly pests and management greenhouse product. Whitefly management in tomato world vegetable center.
The sweet potato plant is a branching, creeeping vine with spirally arranged lobed, heart shaped leaves and white or lavender flowers. Detection of bemisia tabaci gennadius q biotype in. The two most important are the silverleaf, meam1 or b biotype, and the q or mediterranean med. Outbreaks of sweetpotato whiteflies also called silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci figure 1 above have been recorded recently in the florida panhandle and south georgia on tomatoes and other vegetables. In 2004, the qbiotype of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, was identified in the u. Effect of buprofezin on embryo genesis and progeny formation. Eretline biological control agent contains the hymenopterous parasitic wasp, eretmocerus eremicus. Pdf trap catches of the sweetpotato whitefly homoptera. Eggs are laid individually on leaves, the immature stages remaining on the same. Some varieties of sweet potato regal, for instance have some resistance to the weevil as well as other beetle pests but the most popular orangefleshed variety, beauregard, is highly susceptible.
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